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Cerdà and the Eixample

Ildefons Cerdà and the Barcelona of the mid-19th century

The Cerdà Plan

Modernist designs


dimarts, 2 de juny de 2009
This Sunday, 7 June, will be the 150th anniversary of the Reform Plan ('Pla de Reforma') and of the Eixample in Barcelona, designed by the engineer, urban planner and politician Ildefons Cerdà. The result of the 'Cerdà Plan', as it is known, was the Eixample, a leading example throughout the world of modern urban planning.

To mark the anniversary, Barcelona has organised Cerdà Year, which will run for 12 months, until June next year. Amongst other events, the programme includes exhibitions, conferences, city tours and an education project.

Although the official opening of Cerdà Year is not until 11 June, visitors have been able to see the 'Practical politics. Cerdà and Barcelona Provincial Council' exhibition for a few weeks already. The exhibition looks at the political and ideological side of Ildefons Cerdà.

This aspect of Cerdà is more important than it might appear. His progressive, advanced ideas were reflected on his Eixample plan, something that turned him into an object of criticism. Well, that and the fact that the plan had been imposed by the government of Madrid (seen in Catalonia as an act of Spanish centralism): the design competition held by Barcelona City Council had been won by the architect Antoni Rovira Trias, and not by Cerdà.

Ildefons Cerdà and the Barcelona of the mid-19th century


+ Portrait of Ildefons Cerdà.
Barcelona experienced a period of major transformation in the middle of the 19th century. As a result of industrialisation, the population was increasing relentlessly, packed into the narrow streets within the city's walls in somewhat unhygienic conditions. There was an urgency, therefore, to adapt the urban area to new needs. Ildefons Cerdà thought he knew what these needs were and he presented his response to them in an innovative, rationalistic and practical plan.

The Cerdà Plan


+ Original Eixample plan from 1859.
Cerdà based his urban plan on an orthogonal design. The centre of the plot was a block that combined houses and green spaces, fusing city and nature. The idea was for the block to be built on two sides only, leaving the interior area for allotments and gardens. Unfortunately, urban speculation and the desire to make money distorted Cerdà's plan: the buildings were much higher than those initially planned and even the interior areas of the blocks were used for buildings. However, such abuses to the radically original plan did not cancel out its merit.

Modernist designs


+ Casa Milà, better known as La Pedrera.
Gradually, bourgeois Catalans who had made themselves rich through trade and industry, competed to fill the Eixample with ever-more beautiful and original houses. The design of these houses was entrusted to the most famous architects of the time: Antoni Gaudí, Lluís Domènech Montaner and Josep Puig Cadafalch. The result, jewels of Modernist art, were houses such as Amatller, Batlló, Fuster, Lleó Morera, Milà (known as 'la Pedrera'), and Punxes.

MATERIALS

  • Any Cerdà
    Format:Web
    Pàgina oficial. Vídeo de presentació i programa d'actes, encara provisional.
  • Institut Cerdà
    Format:Web
    Inclou una biografia d'Ildefons Cerdà.
  • Districte 2. Eixample
    Format:Web
    Pàgina de l'Ajuntament de Barcelona.
  • Ruta del Modernisme
    Format:Web
    Itinerari per la Barcelona de Gaudí, Domènech Montaner i Puig Cadafalch.
  • L'Eixample. 150 anys d'història
    Format:Llibre
    Llibre de Lluís Permanyer. Viena Edicions, 2008.

QUE HO SABIES?

  • Streets in the Eixample had to be at least 20 meters wide. The architect Lluís Domènech Montaner sneered at the idea, declaring that it was impossible to live along the Eixample's streets on account of the draft that ran through them.
  • As there were no lifts, the bourgeoisie reserved the first floor of the buildings that were built. This explains why the first floor became known as the 'principal'.

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Vídeo de l'exposició 'La política pràctica. Cerdà i la Diputació de Barcelona'.
L'Eixample a vol d'ocell.
El pla Rovira Trias: l'alternativa frustrada.
La dreta de l'Eixample, a l'ombra del modernisme.
I també...
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