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 > Federalism > Associated Free States > 'Independentism'
dilluns, 19 de maig de 2003
Statutes of autonomy can be generally defined as the legal framework for the self-government of the national or regional communities within one country. Its legal parameters establish such areas as language, the flag, the primary institutions for self-government, and their political and financial scope.
In our own homeland, the origin of these statutes can be partially traced back to the Second Republic (1931-1936). This was when, the Principality of Catalonia achieved formal recognition through Spanish State's courts, which despite its reservations, approved the statutory project that had been diligently drawn up by a group of representatives at the Sanctuary of Núria. Nonetheless, the Francoist dictatorship installed after the Civil War not only revoked the Catalan statute but so fiercely repressed any and all expression of Catalan identity, language and culture that it nearly achieved its extinction. Following the end of the dictatorship, the Spanish State was gradually consolidated into a democratic regime. In our own region, the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia was approved in 1979, Valencia's in 1982, and the Balearic Islands' in 1983. In this way, our homeland's right to self-government was restored. In the first two cases, this right is administered by the Generalitat (a political institution with origins in the Middle Ages), while in the case of the Balearic Islands it is the Balearic Government. At the present time -almost 25 years after the ratification of the Statutes of Autonomy -a significant part of our population believes that our degree of self-government is insufficient. This opinion is reflected in the platform of various political parties that either advocate a new statute or, failing that, the amendment of the current one. At the same time, it must be mentioned that there are also plenty of people who are happy with the present level of political autonomy. All considered, we'll proceed to contrast the various other alternatives of self-government.
 
Federalism
+ Francesc Pi i Margall, 'father' of federalism in our country.
Generally speaking, federalism is a doctrine that favors limiting the power of states, whether it be by forming entities whose rule supercedes that of the central state -as in the case of the European Union -or by granting greater political autonomy to the regions or nations that make up these same entities. In both cases, the basis of federalism is an agreement between equals, as opposed to the primacy of a group or culture over another. If we look at the latter option, we can see that federalists advocate states that respect and protect a state's cultures and identities while at the same time linking them together with a set of strong bonds. The countries with the greatest federalist tradition in Europe are Switzerland and Germany. Swiss cantons and German landers enjoy greater self-governance that do Spain's Autonomous Regions.
Associated Free States)
+ Each state of Catalan-Aragonese crown was completely sovereign.
From a certain standpoint, we could say that advocates of a free state are merely taking federalism to the extreme. But that would be an oversimplification. In fact, the argument for associating one free state with another is what is known as confederalism, a form of political organization in which two or more states are united for a common purpose, albeit without sacrificing any of its sovereignty over its own territory. This was the political structure in effect in our own nation, well up to the beginnings of the modern age. Consider that each state of the Catalan-Aragonese crown was completely sovereign. In this case the unification factor was provided by the figure of the king. And, this confederal system collapsed after six centuries when the War of Succession ended with Phillip V's annulment of our state's institutions and his subsequent implementation of a centralist government.
'Independentism'
+ Sean Connery has sworn not to return to live in his native Scotland until the country is independent.
'Independentism' is the ideology that argues for the complete independence of a nation or people. Generally, this option has been most advocated in countries with an extremely uniformitarian political structure. This is the case, if only historically speaking, with France, Great Britain and Spain, where the identity of various peoples and cultures comprising the state was not respected and were suppressed by the ruling groups. This explains why 'independentism' movements have existed with greater or lesser intensity in places like Scotland, Corsica, and Northern Ireland as well as our own homeland. The wrongs suffered by these peoples has moved them to advocate secessionism, and sever all ties with the dominant state, as they believe that no agreement is possible.
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Investiga
> Suïssa és un bon exemple de país federal, amb un territori organitzat en cantons. Quants? La resposta, en aquest mapa.
> Saps què diu l'Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalunya, en el tercer punt de l'article número tres? Creus que s'acompleix, el que s'hi estableix? Justifica la teva resposta.
> Vols sentir el discurs que Francesc Macià va pronunciar, des del balcó de la Generalitat de Catalunya, el 14 d'abril de 1931? Doncs vés aquí. Què hi va proclamar?
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