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Cleopatra:  African Roots?

Cleopatra, Julius Caesar and Mark Antony

A Source of Artistic Inspiration

Cleopatra's Nose


dimarts, 24 de març de 2009
Intelligent, beautiful, cultured, ambitious, politically astute. These are some of the words used to describe Cleopatra (69 BC- 30 BC), queen of Egypt and considered by many to be one of the most fascinating women of all times.

Cleopatra, or Cleopatra VII, was the last queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty, originally from Greece or, more precisely, from Macedonia. The dynasty's first king was Ptolemy I, who was a general under Alexander the Great (356 BC–323 BC). Although she learnt Egyptian, Cleopatra did not have Egyptian blood, in fact, she was Greek.

Or, rather, that is what has been thought up until now. The conclusions of a team of archaeologists from the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) indeed suggest otherwise.

The team believes it has discovered the tomb of Cleopatra's sister, Princess Arsinoe, and says the princess' remains indicate that her mother came from Africa. This would mean that Cleopatra had African roots, in other words, that she was part African. The discovery was made by Hilke Thuer of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

Last night the BBC broadcast 'Cleopatra: Portrait of a Killer', a documentary based on this new discovery.

Cleopatra, Julius Caesar and Mark Antony


+ 'Antony and Cleopatra', by Lawrence Alma-Tadema.
The life of Cleopatra was closely linked to those of two great Roman historical figures: Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Caesar helped Cleopatra reclaim the Egyptian throne. The two had an affair that produced a son: Cesarion. After Caesar's death, Cleopatra had an affair with his follower Mark Antony, who shared power over Rome with Octavian (the future emperor Augustus). Mark Antony was married to Octavian's sister Octavia, although he rejected her in favour of Cleopatra, with whom he was hopelessly in love. This infuriated Octavian, who defeated the two lovers in the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The following year both Cleopatra and Mark Antony committed suicide, within a few days of each other.

A Source of Artistic Inspiration


+ Elizabeth Taylor as Cleopatra (1963).
The life of Cleopatra has inspired artists from all ages. The great English writer William Shakespeare, for example, wrote 'Antony and Cleopatra' in 1623, a tragedy that recounts the relationship and misfortune of the two lovers. The queen of Egypt has also been the subject of numerous films, although these focus more on her love life than on her political life. The most famous of all is 'Cleopatra'(1963), directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, which starred Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton in the roles of Cleopatra and Mark Antony.

Cleopatra's Nose


+ Cleopatra. Altes Museum, Berlin.
'Had Cleopatra's nose been shorter, the whole face of the world would have changed.' This sentence, from the book 'Pensées' by the mathematician, physicist and philosopher Blaise Pascal, is often quoted to refer to Cleopatra's great beauty. The Greek historian Plutarch wrote that she was not exceptionally beautiful, but that her charm was due more to her conversation, her character, her knowledge, and the sweetness of her voice.

MATERIALS

QUE HO SABIES?

  • Mark Antony and Cleopatra were buried together, according to their will.
  • At the end of the 20th century an intense academic debate took place over Cleopatra's racial origins, with some scholars maintaining that she was black.
  • The tomb of Princess Arsinoe, Cleopatra's sister, was discovered in Ephesus (Asia Minor, Turkey).

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