VilaWeb - Diari escola: The Galapagos Islands: Treasure under Threat

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dimecres, 24 d'abril de 2024

The Galapagos Islands: Treasure under Threat

> The Archipelago

> Endemic Species

> The Galapagos and Charles Darwin

dilluns, 30 d'abril de 2007

Located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, the Galapagos Archipelago is a treasure of both land and sea, with unique flora and fauna. This exceptional example of biodiversity, however, finds itself under threat, as we have been reminded by various organisations over recent weeks.

For instance, on 10 April, the Ecuadorian government (the Galapagos are a province of Ecuador) declared that the archipelago was at risk and that managing and protecting its ecosystem was a national priority. The measure received the support of conservation organisations such as the Charles Darwin Foundation, which has worked on the Galapagos for the last fifty years.

Support was also expressed from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), which, after a visit to the islands between 8 and 13 April, confirmed the danger that threatens the Galapagos Natural Park. According to UNESCO, the reasons behind the current problems are: the growing proliferation of non-native plants and animals, the increase in human immigration, the immeasurable growth of tourism, and the disastrous management by different institutions and agencies.

! Actualització el 30/04/2007 a les 06:00

The New York Times: Unesco Considers Putting Galápagos on Endangered List.

+ Webs relacionades dins Nosaltres.Cat: Ecologisme i medi.

The Archipelago

+ Satellite photo of the Galapagos Islands.

The Galapagos Archipelago, volcanic in origin and situated 1,000 km off the Ecuadorian coast, is made up of about 20 islands and by more than two hundred islets and reefs. The Galapagos Islands cover 8,000 km², almost 97% of which form part of the natural park, and the surrounding waters make up an extremely extensive marine reserve. The Galapagos have been described as the end of the world, on account of their geographic isolation, something that has not stood in the way of the proliferation of tourism and the growth in the population, which has been very much in evidence over recent decades. Today, almost 30,000 people live on the archipelago.

Endemic Species

+ Marine iguanas are the only reptiles capable of going into the sea to look for food.

The geographic isolation of the Galapagos Islands explains their abundance of endemic species (species that are only found in a specific geographical area). Of particular interest amongst the Islands' flora are the 'tree cacti'. And as for fauna, what stand our are the land iguanas, the so-called Darwin finches and the famous giant tortoises that can grow to more than 170 centimetres, weigh more than 300 kg and live to be 100! Out of the 2,900 reported marine species, 18% are endemic. Worth special mention is the marine iguana, the only reptile capable of going into the sea to look for food.

The Galapagos and Charles Darwin

+ Portrait of Charles Darwin.

On the list of illustrious visitors to the Galapagos is the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882), father of the theory of evolution. His stay on the islands, as part of his circumnavigation voyage on board the Beagle, gave him the opportunity to observe a great number of unique species. This had a great influence on the development of his evolutionist theory which was published in 1859 in his book 'The Origin of Species'. However, Darwin's theory was not one that occurred to him in a moment of inspiration on the Galapagos themselves, as legend has it but, rather, one that developed slowly.

MATERIALS

Parque Nacional Galápagos
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Instituït el 1959 a l'Equador per a protegir i conservar els ecosistemes de l'arxipèlag.
Charles Darwin Foundation
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Fa una cinquantena d'anys que vetlla per la conservació de les Galápagos. En anglès i espanyol.
Junior Zone
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Espai juvenil de l'entitat conservacionista Galapagos Conservation Trust.
Galapagos Tortoises
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Pàgina de la National Geographic Society sobre aquest rèptil gegantí, endèmic de les Galápagos.
AboutDarwin.com
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Pàgina dedicada al naturalista anglès Charles Darwin, que s'inspirà en l'endemisme de les illes Galápagos per a formular la teoria de l'evolució.

QUE HO SABIES?

The Galapagos Islands were declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1978, a distinction that was extended to the marine reserve in 2001.
The islands are home to a number of volcanoes that are still active. In fact, about 50 volcanic eruptions have taken place there over the last two centuries.
It has been calculated that before the arrival of humans on the Galapagos (officially discovered in 1535), the islands were home to about 250,000 tortoises. Today, there are 20,000.