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 > The Arctic > The North Pole: Daylight for Half the Year, Night for the Other Half > The Inuit People dimarts, 11 d'octubre de 2005
The Arctic ice layer has decreased for the fourth consecutive year and is currently at its most reduced for the last hundred years. This is the main conclusion of a study conducted by scientists of the University of Colorado and NASA, published at the end of September.
The researchers believe that, although ice advances or retracts depending on the degree of cold, data gathered by satellites reveal a clear downward trend, so that the existing surface area of ice is 20% less than the average for the period 1979-2000. In September, the ice at the Arctic covered 5.32 million square kilometres, a huge area, but one that, according to the scientists, will decrease by 8% each decade so that before this century is over, it might disappear completely during the summer months. The increasing temperature in the Arctic is the main argument used to explain a phenomenon that could threaten the survival of the animals that inhabit the area, such as the polar bear.
 
The Arctic)
+ The existing surface area of ice is 20% less than the average for the period 1979-2000.
The Arctic is the most northern region of the planet, with extremely low temperatures (though not as extreme as the Antarctic), low levels of precipitation and little in the way of human settlement, as the living conditions are very tough. The central area of the region is taken up by the Arctic Ocean, the smallest of all the oceans, almost totally surrounded by the most northerly lands of the European, Asian and American continents. There is, however, a wide opening providing access to the Atlantic Ocean and another very narrow one (the Bering Strait) which links it to the Pacific Ocean. The animals that inhabit the Arctic region include polar bears, caribous, walruses, seals and reindeer.
The North Pole: Daylight for Half the Year, Night for the Other Half
+ At the North Pole, the sun does not come up over the horizon for six consecutive months.
In the centre of the Arctic Ocean lies the North Pole, the most northerly point on the axis of the Globe (the most southerly is the South Pole, in Antarctica). At the North Pole, the sun does not come up over the horizon for six consecutive months, so it's always night-time. But for the remaining six months of the year, it is constantly daylight, because the sun never sets. This strange phenomenon can also be observed at the South Pole.
The Inuit People
+ The Inuit are the native people of the icy Arctic lands.
The Inuit are the native people of the icy Arctic lands, currently made up of one hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants spread out over Alaska, northern Canada, Greenland and Siberia. They have been labelled 'Eskimos', a name that they reject and consider offensive (the word 'eskimo' means 'eaters of raw meat'). For a long time, the Inuit have been striving to attain greater recognition of their identity. In relation to this, we should highlight the creation of the autonomous territory of Nunavut in Canada in 1999, which has been inhabited by the Inuit for many centuries. In Inuktitut, the language of this Arctic people, 'Nunavut' means 'our land'.
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> Mapa de la regió més septentrional del planeta.
> L'augment de l'efecte hivernacle, una de els causes al·legades per a explicar el desglaç àrtic.
> Apunt sobre l'Àrtida.
I també...
- Animals àrtics.
- L'ós blanc, o polar, l'animal carnívor terrestre més gros.
- Preguntes i respostes sobre l'Àrtida.
- Fotografies d'aurores boreals.
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